Adaptive radiation Adaptive radiation is a process in which a single ancestral species gives rise to multiple descendant species, each adapted to exploit different ecological niches or habitats. It is a form of diversification where organisms rapidly evolve to fill available ecological opportunities. Here are some key points to understand adaptive radiation: Adaptive radiation is…
DNA Replication DNA replication is a fundamental process that occurs in all living organisms. It is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. DNA replication is crucial for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next during cell division. The process of DNA replication involves several…
The molecular basis of inheritance The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanisms by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It involves the study of DNA, genes, and the processes that control gene expression and protein synthesis. The fundamental molecule involved in inheritance is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which carries…
Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects males. It is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY), instead of the usual XY chromosome pattern in males. This additional chromosome can cause various physical, developmental, and reproductive issues. In the context of the AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)…
Variation In biology, variation refers to the differences that exist between individuals of a species. These variations can occur at different levels, including genetic, phenotypic, and environmental variations. Here are a few types of variation commonly observed: Understanding and studying variation is essential in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, ecology, and medicine. It…
Heredity Heredity refers to the passing of traits or characteristics from parents to offspring through genetic information. It is the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next. The study of heredity is crucial in understanding how traits are inherited and how they contribute to the diversity and variation within…
Genetics and evolution Genetics and evolution are two interconnected fields of biology that help us understand the inheritance of traits and the processes that shape the diversity of life on Earth. Here’s an overview of genetics and evolution: Genetics: Genetics is the study of heredity, which involves the passing of traits from parents to offspring.…
Post-fertilization events Post-fertilization events refer to the processes that occur after fertilization of the egg by the sperm in sexual reproduction. These events are critical for the development and growth of the embryo. Here is a detailed overview of the post-fertilization events: These post-fertilization events are highly coordinated and regulated, and they lay the foundation…
Double fertilization Double fertilization is a reproductive process that occurs in flowering plants (angiosperms). It involves the fusion of two sperm cells with two different female gametes within the ovule. This process is unique to angiosperms and plays a crucial role in their reproductive success. Here are the key steps involved in double fertilization: By…
Sexual reproduction in plants Sexual reproduction in plants is the process by which plants produce offspring through the fusion of male and female reproductive cells or gametes. It involves the formation of flowers, pollination, fertilization, and the development of seeds. Sexual reproduction in plants ensures genetic diversity, as it involves the exchange and recombination of…
