NEET-BIOLOGY Biotechnology and its applications

NEET-Biology and biotechnology are both important fields that have numerous applications and benefits. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of biology, which is essential for understanding the complex biological processes that are involved in biotechnology.

Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and services that have applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, environment, and industry. Some examples of biotechnology and its applications are:

1. Medical Biotechnology: Biotechnology has revolutionized the healthcare industry by providing new treatments and therapies for various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. Some examples of medical biotechnology include recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, and personalized medicine.
2. Agricultural Biotechnology: Biotechnology has also had a significant impact on agriculture by providing new crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have higher yields, and are more nutritious. Some examples of agricultural biotechnology include genetic engineering, tissue culture, and plant breeding.
3. Environmental Biotechnology: Biotechnology can also be used to address environmental challenges, such as pollution and climate change. Some examples of environmental biotechnology include bioremediation, biofuels, and wastewater treatment.
4. Industrial Biotechnology: Biotechnology has numerous industrial applications, such as the production of enzymes, biofuels, and bioplastics. Some examples of industrial biotechnology include fermentation, biocatalysts, and metabolic engineering.

Overall, biotechnology has the potential to transform various sectors, and a strong foundation in NEET-Biology can provide a great start for a career in biotechnology. It is important for students to gain relevant skills and experience through internships, research projects, and professional development opportunities to enhance their employability in this exciting and rapidly growing field.

Definition

The idea of biotechnology envelops many methods for altering living creatures as per human purposes, returning to taming of creatures, development of the plants, and “enhancements” to these through rearing projects that utilize fake determination and hybridization. Present day utilization incorporates hereditary designing as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. The American Substance Society characterizes biotechnology as the use of organic creatures, frameworks, or cycles by different businesses to finding out about the study of life and the improvement of the worth of materials and organic entities like drugs, crops, and livestock. According to the European Alliance of Biotechnology, biotechnology is the coordination of inherent science and organic entities, cells, parts thereof, and atomic analogs for items and services. Biotechnology depends on the essential natural sciences (e.g., sub-atomic science, organic chemistry, cell science, embryology, hereditary qualities, microbial science) and alternately gives techniques to help and carry out fundamental analysis in science.

Biotechnology is the innovative work in the lab utilizing bioinformatics for investigation, extraction, abuse, and creation from any residing creatures and any wellspring of biomass through biochemical designing where high worth added items could be arranged (imitated by biosynthesis, for instance), estimated, planned, created, made, and advertised with the end goal of maintainable activities (for the return from unlimited starting venture on R and D) and acquiring solid licenses privileges (for special features freedoms for deals, and preceding this to get public and global endorsement from the outcomes on animal trial and human examination, particularly on the drug part of biotechnology to forestall any undetected secondary effects or wellbeing worries by utilizing the products). The use of natural cycles, organic entities or frameworks to deliver items that are expected to further develop human lives is named biotechnology.

On the other hand, bioengineering is for the most part considered a connected field that all the more vigorously stresses higher frameworks draws near (not really the changing or utilizing of natural materials straightforwardly) for communicating with and using living things. Bioengineering is the utilization of the standards of designing and innate sciences to tissues, cells, and particles. This can be considered as the utilization of information from working with and controlling science to accomplish an outcome that can further develop capabilities in plants and animals. Relatedly, biomedical designing is a covering field that frequently draws upon and applies biotechnology (by different definitions), particularly in specific sub-fields of biomedical or synthetic designing, for example, tissue designing, biopharmaceutical designing, and hereditary designing.

History

Albeit not typically what first rings a bell, many types of human-inferred horticulture obviously fit the wide meaning of “‘using a biotechnological framework to make items”. For sure, the development of plants might be seen as the earliest biotechnological endeavor.

Agribusiness has been conjectured to have turned into the predominant approach to creating food since the Neolithic Insurgency. Through early biotechnology, the earliest ranchers chose and reared the most ideal harvests (e.g., those with the best returns) to create sufficient food to help a developing populace. As harvests and fields turned out to be progressively huge and challenging to keep up with, it was found that particular life forms and their results could actually treat, reestablish nitrogen, and control bothers. Over the course of horticulture, ranchers have unintentionally adjusted the hereditary qualities of their harvests through acquainting them with new conditions and rearing them with different plants — one of the primary types of biotechnology.[clarification needed]

These cycles likewise were remembered for early aging of beer. These cycles were presented in early Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India, regardless utilize similar fundamental natural techniques. In preparing, malted grains (containing catalysts) convert starch from grains into sugar and afterward adding explicit yeasts to create lager. In this cycle, carbs in the grains separated into alcohols, like ethanol. Afterward, different societies delivered the course of lactic corrosive maturation, which created other saved food varieties, for example, soy sauce. Aging was likewise utilized in this time span to create raised bread. Albeit the course of maturation was not completely perceived until Louis Pasteur’s work in 1857, it is as yet the main utilization of biotechnology to change over a food source into another structure.

Before the hour of Charles Darwin’s work and life, creature and plant researchers had proactively utilized particular rearing. Darwin added to that group of work with his logical perceptions about the capacity of science to change species. These records added to Darwin’s hypothesis of normal selection.

For millennia, people have utilized specific rearing to work on the creation of harvests and domesticated animals to involve them for food. In particular reproducing, creatures with helpful qualities are mated to deliver posterity with similar attributes. For instance, this method was utilized with corn to deliver the biggest and best crops.

In the mid 20th century researchers acquired a more prominent comprehension of microbial science and investigated approaches to assembling explicit items. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann originally utilized an unadulterated microbiological culture in a modern cycle, that of assembling corn starch utilizing Clostridium acetobutylicum, to create CH3)2CO, which the Unified Realm frantically expected to fabricate explosives during Universal Conflict I.

Biotechnology has additionally prompted the advancement of anti-microbials. In 1928, Alexander Fleming found the form Penicillium. His work prompted the purging of the anti-microbial compound shaped by the form by Howard Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Headey – to frame what we today know as penicillin. In 1940, penicillin opened up for restorative use to treat bacterial diseases in humans.

The field of present day biotechnology is for the most part considered having been brought into the world in 1971 when Paul Berg’s (Stanford) tests in quality grafting had early achievement. Herbert W. Boyer (Univ. Calif. at San Francisco) and Stanley N. Cohen (Stanford) fundamentally progressed the new innovation in 1972 by moving hereditary material into a bacterium, with the end goal that the imported material would be imitated. The business suitability of a biotechnology industry was fundamentally developed June 16, 1980, when the US High Court decided that a hereditarily changed microorganism could be protected on account of Jewel v. Chakrabarty. Indian-conceived Ananda Chakrabarty, working for General Electric, had changed a bacterium (of the variety Pseudomonas) equipped for separating raw petroleum, which he proposed to use in treating oil slicks. (Chakrabarty’s work didn’t include quality control but instead the exchange of whole organelles between types of the Pseudomonas bacterium).

The MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-impact semiconductor) was imagined by Mohamed M. Atalla and Daewon Kahn in 1959. Two years after the fact, Leland C. Clark and Champion Lyons concocted the first biosensor in 1962. Biosensor MOSFETs were subsequently evolved, and they have since been broadly used to quantify physical, compound, natural and ecological parameters. The primary Biofact was the particle delicate field-impact semiconductor (ISFET), developed by Piet Bergville in 1970. It is an exceptional sort of MOSFET, where the metal door is supplanted by a particle touchy layer, electrolyte arrangement and reference electrode. The ISFET is generally utilized in biomedical applications, like the identification of DNA hybridization, biomarker discovery from blood, immune response recognition, glucose estimation, pH detecting, and hereditary technology.

By the mid-1980s, other Biofacts had been created, including the gas sensor FET (GASFET), pressure sensor FET (PRESSFET), synthetic field-impact semiconductor (Chemo FET), reference ISFET (REFET), chemical adjusted FET (ENFET) and immunologically changed FET (IMFET). By the mid 2000s, Bio FETs, for example, the DNA field-impact semiconductor (DNAFET), quality altered FET (Gen FET) and cell-expected Bio FET (CPFET) had been developed.

A variable impacting the biotechnology area’s prosperity is further developed protected innovation freedoms regulation — and requirement — around the world, as well as reinforced interest for clinical and drug items to adapt to a maturing, and feeble, U.S. population.

Rising interest for biofuels is supposed to be uplifting news for the biotechnology area, with the Branch of Energy assessing ethanol utilization could diminish U.S. petrol determined fuel utilization by up to 30% by 2030. The biotechnology area has permitted the U.S. cultivating industry to quickly build its stock of corn and soybeans — the primary contributions to biofuels — by growing hereditarily adjusted seeds that oppose nuisances and dry spell. By expanding ranch efficiency, biotechnology supports biofuel production.

Examples

Biotechnology has applications in four significant modern regions, including medical services (clinical), crop creation and agribusiness, non-food (modern) utilizations of yields and different items (e.g., biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and natural purposes.

For instance, one utilization of biotechnology is the coordinated utilization of microorganisms for the assembling of natural items (models incorporate brew and milk items). Another model is involving normally present microscopic organisms by the mining business in bioleaching. Biotechnology is likewise used to reuse, treat squander, tidy up locales polluted by modern exercises (bioremediation), and furthermore to deliver natural weapons.

A progression of determined terms have been begat to distinguish a few parts of biotechnology, for instance:

Bioinformatics (additionally called “gold biotechnology”) is an interdisciplinary field that resolves natural issues utilizing computational methods, and makes the fast association as well as examination of organic information conceivable. The field may likewise be alluded to as computational science, and can be characterized as, “conceptualizing science as far as particles and afterward applying informatics strategies to comprehend and coordinate the data related with these atoms, on a huge scale”. Bioinformatics assumes a vital part in different regions, like utilitarian genomics, primary genomics, and proteomics, and structures a critical part in the biotechnology and drug sector.
Blue biotechnology depends on the double-dealing of ocean assets to make items and modern applications. This part of biotechnology is the most utilized for the enterprises of refining and ignition primarily on the creation of bio-oils with photosynthetic miniature algae.
Green biotechnology will be biotechnology applied to agrarian cycles. A model would be the choice and taming of plants through micropropagation. Another model is the planning of transgenic plants to develop under unambiguous conditions in the presence (or nonattendance) of synthetics. One expectation is that green biotechnology could create more harmless to the ecosystem arrangements than conventional modern agribusiness. An illustration of this is the designing of a plant to communicate a pesticide, subsequently finishing the need of outside utilization of pesticides. An illustration of this would be But corn. Whether green biotechnology items, for example, this are at last more harmless to the ecosystem is a subject of extensive debate. It is regularly thought to be as the following period of green unrest, which should be visible as a stage to kill widespread starvation by utilizing innovations which empower the creation of more prolific and safe, towards biotic and abiotic stress, plants and guarantees use of harmless to the ecosystem composts and the utilization of biopesticides, it is fundamentally centered around the improvement of agriculture. Then again, a portion of the purposes of green biotechnology include microorganisms to clean and diminish waste.
Red biotechnology is the utilization of biotechnology in the clinical and drug ventures, and wellbeing preservation. This branch includes the creation of immunizations and anti-microbials, regenerative treatments, making of counterfeit organs and new diagnostics of diseases. As well as the advancement of chemicals, undifferentiated cells, antibodies, siRNA and symptomatic tests.
White biotechnology, otherwise called modern biotechnology, will be biotechnology applied to modern cycles. A model is the planning of a life form to deliver a valuable synthetic. Another model is the utilizing of proteins as modern impetuses to either deliver important synthetics or obliterate perilous/dirtying synthetic substances. White biotechnology will in general consume less in assets than customary cycles used to create modern goods.
“Yellow biotechnology” alludes to the utilization of biotechnology in food creation (food industry), for instance in making wine (winemaking), cheddar (cheesemaking), and lager (preparing) by fermentation. It has likewise been utilized to allude to biotechnology applied to bugs. This incorporates biotechnology-based approaches for the control of unsafe bugs, the characterization and usage of dynamic fixings or qualities of bugs for examination, or application in agribusiness and medication and different other approaches.
Dark biotechnology is devoted to ecological applications, and zeroed in on the upkeep of biodiversity and the remoting of pollutants.
Earthy colored biotechnology is connected with the administration of parched terrains and deserts. One application is the production of upgraded seeds that oppose outrageous natural states of parched districts, which is connected with the advancement, formation of agribusiness procedures and the board of resources.
Violet biotechnology is connected with regulation, moral and philosophical issues around biotechnology.
Dim biotechnology is the variety related with bioterrorism or natural weapons and biowarfare which utilizes microorganisms, and poisons to cause sicknesses and passing in people, domesticated animals and crops.

Medicine

In medication, current biotechnology has numerous applications in regions like drug disclosures and creation, pharmacogenomics, and hereditary testing (or hereditary screening). In 2021, almost 40% of the absolute organization worth of drug biotech organizations overall were dynamic in Oncology with Nervous system science and Uncommon Illnesses being the other two major applications.
Pharmacogenomics (a mix of pharmacology and genomics) is the innovation that examinations what hereditary cosmetics means for a singular’s reaction to drugs. Specialists in the field research the impact of hereditary minor departure from drug reactions in patients by corresponding quality articulation or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a medication’s viability or toxicity. The motivation behind pharmacogenomics is to foster reasonable means to enhance drug treatment, concerning the patients’ genotype, to guarantee greatest viability with negligible unfriendly effects. Such methodologies guarantee the appearance of “customized medication”; in which medications and medication blends are streamlined for every individual’s extraordinary hereditary makeup.
Biotechnology has added to the revelation and assembling of customary little particle drug drugs as well as medications that are the result of biotechnology – biopharmaceutics. Present day biotechnology can be utilized to fabricate existing medications somewhat effectively and inexpensively. The principal hereditarily designed items were meds intended to treat human sicknesses. To refer to one model, in 1978 Genentech created manufactured refined insulin by getting its quality together with a plasmid vector embedded into the bacterium Escherichia coli. Insulin, generally utilized for the treatment of diabetes, was recently removed from the pancreas of abattoir creatures (steers or pigs). The hereditarily designed microscopic organisms can create huge amounts of engineered human insulin at moderately low cost. Biotechnology has additionally empowered arising therapeutics like quality treatment. The use of biotechnology to essential science (for instance through the Human Genome Undertaking) has additionally emphatically worked on how we might interpret science and as our logical information on typical and sickness science has expanded, our capacity to foster new medications to treat beforehand untreatable infections has expanded as well.

Hereditary testing permits the hereditary finding of weaknesses to acquired illnesses, and can likewise be utilized to decide a youngster’s parentage (hereditary mother and father) or in everyday an individual’s family line. As well as concentrating on chromosomes to the degree of individual qualities, hereditary testing from a more extensive perspective incorporates biochemical tests for the conceivable presence of hereditary illnesses, or freak types of qualities related with expanded hazard of creating hereditary problems. Hereditary testing distinguishes changes in chromosomes, qualities, or proteins. More often than not, testing is utilized to find changes that are related with acquired messes. The consequences of a hereditary test can affirm or preclude a thought hereditary condition or assist with deciding an individual’s possibility creating or passing on a hereditary problem. Starting around 2011 a few hundred hereditary tests were in use. Since hereditary testing might open up moral or mental issues, hereditary testing is in many cases joined by hereditary guiding.

Agriculture

Hereditarily changed crops (“GM harvests”, or “biotech crops”) are plants utilized in horticulture, the DNA of which has been adjusted with hereditary designing procedures. As a rule, the fundamental point is to present another characteristic that doesn’t happen normally in the species. Biotechnology firms can add to future food security by working on the sustenance and feasibility of metropolitan farming. Besides, the security of licensed innovation freedoms energizes private area interest in agrobiotechnology.

Models in food crops incorporate protection from certain pests, diseases, upsetting ecological conditions, protection from substance medicines (for example protection from a herbicide), decrease of spoilage, or working on the supplement profile of the crop. Models in non-food crops incorporate creation of drug agents, biofuels, and other mechanically helpful goods, as well concerning bioremediation.

Ranchers have broadly embraced GM innovation. Somewhere in the range of 1996 and 2011, the complete surface area of land developed with GM crops had expanded by an element of 94, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 sections of land) to 1,600,000 km2 (395 million acres). 10% of the world’s yield lands were planted with GM crops in 2010. Starting around 2011, 11 different transgenic crops were developed financially on 395 million sections of land (160 million hectares) in 29 nations like the US, Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada, China, Paraguay, Pakistan, South Africa, Uruguay, Bolivia, Australia, Philippines, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Mexico and Spain.

Hereditarily altered food sources are food varieties delivered from organic entities that have had explicit changes brought into their DNA with the strategies for hereditary designing. These procedures have considered the presentation of new yield characteristics as well as a far more noteworthy command over a food’s hereditary construction than recently managed by strategies, for example, particular reproducing and transformation breeding. Business offer of hereditarily changed food varieties started in 1994, when Celgene originally showcased its Flavor Saver postponed maturing tomato. To date most hereditary change of food sources have fundamentally centered around cash crops popular by ranchers like soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. These have been designed for protection from microbes and herbicides and better supplement profiles. GM domesticated animals have additionally been tentatively evolved; in November 2013 none were accessible on the market, except for in 2015 the FDA supported the principal GM salmon for business creation and consumption.

There is a logical consensus that right now accessible food got from GM crops represents no more serious gamble to human wellbeing than traditional food, yet that every GM food should be tried dependent upon the situation before introduction. Regardless, individuals from people in general are significantly less reasonable than researchers to see GM food varieties as safe. The lawful and administrative status of GM food varieties fluctuates by country, for certain countries prohibiting or limiting them, and others allowing them with broadly varying levels of regulation.

GM crops likewise give various biological advantages, in the event that not utilized in excess. Bug safe yields have demonstrated to bring down pesticide utilization, hence diminishing the ecological effect of pesticides as a whole. Nonetheless, rivals have protested GM crops essentially on a few grounds, including natural worries, whether food created from GM crops is protected, whether GM crops are expected to address the world’s food needs, and monetary worries raised by the reality these living beings are dependent upon protected innovation regulation.

Biotechnology has a few applications in the domain of food security. Crops like Brilliant rice are designed to have higher wholesome substance, and there is potential for food items with longer rack lives. However not a type of farming biotechnology, immunizations can assist with forestalling sicknesses tracked down in animal horticulture. Furthermore, horticultural biotechnology can speed up reproducing processes to yield quicker results and give more prominent amounts of food. Transgenic biofortification in cereals has been considered as a promising technique to battle hunger in India and other countries.

Industrial

Modern biotechnology (referred to essentially in Europe as white biotechnology) is the utilization of biotechnology for modern purposes, including modern maturation. It incorporates the act of utilizing cells like microorganisms, or parts of cells like proteins, to produce mechanically valuable items in areas like synthetic compounds, food and feed, cleansers, paper and mash, materials and biofuels. In the ongoing many years, critical advancement has been finished in making hereditarily adjusted organic entities (GMOs) that upgrade the variety of uses and efficient suitability of modern biotechnology. By utilizing sustainable natural substances to deliver different synthetics and powers, modern biotechnology is effectively progressing towards bringing down ozone depleting substance outflows and creating some distance from a petrochemical-based economy.

Engineered science is viewed as one of the fundamental foundations in modern biotechnology because of its monetary and economical commitment to the assembling area. Mutually biotechnology and manufactured science assume a critical part in creating practical items with nature-accommodating highlights by utilizing bio-based creation rather than fossil-based. Manufactured science can be utilized to design model microorganisms, for example, Escherichia coli, by genome altering devices to upgrade their capacity to deliver bio-based items, like bioproduction of meds and biofuels. For example, E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a consortium could be utilized as modern organisms to deliver forerunners of the chemotherapeutic specialist paclitaxel by applying the metabolic designing in a co-culture way to deal with exploit the advantages from the two microbes.

One more illustration of manufactured science applications in modern biotechnology is the re-designing of the metabolic pathways of E. coli by CRISPR and Crispr frameworks toward the development of a synthetic known as 1,4-butanediol, which is utilized in fiber producing. To deliver 1,4-butanediol, the creators modify the metabolic guideline of the Escherichia coli by CRISPR to actuate point transformation in the gloat quality, knockout of the miserable quality, and thump in six qualities (cat1, sauced, 4hbd, cat2, bold, and bah). Though Crispr framework used to knockdown the three contending qualities (gab, yogic, and tab) that influence the biosynthesis pathway of 1,4-butanediol. Subsequently, the yield of 1,4-butanediol essentially expanded from 0.9 to 1.8 g/L.

Environmental

Ecological biotechnology remembers different disciplines that assume a fundamental part for lessening natural waste and giving earth safe cycles, like biofiltration and biodegradation. The climate can be impacted by biotechnologies, both decidedly and unfavorably. Valero and others have contended that the distinction between valuable biotechnology (e.g., bioremediation is to tidy up an oil slick or peril substance spill) versus the unfriendly impacts coming from biotechnological endeavors (e.g., stream of hereditary material from transgenic life forms into wild strains) should be visible as applications and suggestions, respectively. Tidying up natural squanders is an illustration of a use of ecological biotechnology; while loss of biodiversity or loss of control of an unsafe microorganism are instances of natural ramifications of biotechnology.

Regulation

The guideline of hereditary designing worries approaches taken by legislatures to survey and deal with the dangers related with the utilization of hereditary designing innovation, and the turn of events and arrival of hereditarily changed organic entities (GMO), including hereditarily altered crops and hereditarily adjusted fish. There are contrasts in the guideline of GMOs between nations, with probably the most stamped contrasts happening between the US and Europe. Guideline changes in a given nation relying upon the planned utilization of the results of the hereditary designing. For instance, a yield not expected for food use is by and large not looked into by specialists liable for food safety. The European Association separates between endorsement for development inside the EU and endorsement for import and handling. While a couple of GMOs have been endorsed for development in the EU various GMOs have been supported for import and processing. The development of GMOs has set off a discussion about the conjunction of GM and non-GM crops. Contingent upon the conjunction guidelines, motivations for the development of GM crops differ.

Importance of NEET-BIOLOGY Biotechnology and its applications

NEET-Biology and biotechnology are both important fields that have numerous applications and benefits. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of biology, which is essential for understanding the complex biological processes that are involved in biotechnology.

Biotechnology, on the other hand, involves the use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop products and services that have applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, environment, and industry.

The importance of NEET-Biology and biotechnology can be seen in the following ways:

1. Medical Applications: Biotechnology has revolutionized the healthcare industry by providing new treatments and therapies for various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of human anatomy, physiology, and genetics, which are essential for understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and the development of new treatments.
2. Agricultural Applications: Biotechnology has also had a significant impact on agriculture by providing new crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have higher yields, and are more nutritious. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of plant biology, genetics, and ecology, which are essential for understanding the mechanisms of plant growth and development and the development of new crop varieties.
3. Environmental Applications: Biotechnology can also be used to address environmental challenges, such as pollution and climate change. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of ecology and environmental science, which are essential for understanding the impacts of human activities on the environment and the development of new bioremediation technologies.
4. Industrial Applications: Biotechnology has numerous industrial applications, such as the production of enzymes, biofuels, and bioplastics. NEET-Biology provides a strong foundation in the principles of biochemistry and molecular biology, which are essential for understanding the metabolic pathways involved in the production of these products.

Overall, NEET-Biology and biotechnology are important fields that have numerous applications and benefits in various sectors, including medicine, agriculture, environment, and industry. A strong foundation in NEET-Biology can provide a great start for a career in biotechnology and contribute to the development of new products and services that have a positive impact on society.

Career Opportunities of NEET-BIOLOGY Biotechnology and its applications

Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and engineering to develop products, processes, and technologies that improve the quality of life. The NEET-Biology exam is an entrance examination for students seeking admission to medical and dental colleges in India. Biology is a key component of biotechnology and studying it at the NEET level can provide a strong foundation for a career in biotechnology.

There are several career opportunities available for students who have studied NEET-Biology and have an interest in biotechnology. Some of these include:

1. Biotech Research: Biotechnology research is one of the most exciting and dynamic fields in science. Biotech researchers develop and test new drugs, vaccines, and other treatments for diseases.
2. Biotech Sales and Marketing: Biotech sales and marketing professionals promote and sell products and services related to biotechnology.
3. Biotech Quality Control: Biotech quality control professionals ensure that biotech products and services meet regulatory standards and are safe for consumers.
4. Biotech Manufacturing: Biotech manufacturing professionals are involved in the production of biotech products, such as biopharmaceuticals, and ensure that they are produced according to the required standards.
5. Biotech Business Development: Biotech business development professionals identify new opportunities for growth and development in the biotech industry.
6. Biotech Intellectual Property: Biotech intellectual property professionals ensure that biotech inventions and discoveries are protected by patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
7. Biotech Entrepreneurship: Biotech entrepreneurs develop new products and services in the biotech industry, and may start their own biotech companies.

In addition to the above, there are several other career opportunities available in biotechnology, including bioinformatics, bioengineering, environmental biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology.

Overall, a strong foundation in biology from NEET can provide a great start for a career in biotechnology. It is important for students to choose their specific career path and gain relevant skills and experience through internships, research projects, and professional development opportunities to enhance their employability in this exciting and rapidly growing field.