Derivatives of order two

The derivative of a function f(x) gives the rate of change of f(x) with respect to x. The derivative of order two, or the second derivative of f(x), represents the rate of change of the first derivative of f(x) with respect to x. Mathematically, the second derivative of f(x) is denoted as f”(x) or d^2/dx^2…

Addition and multiplication rules of probability

The addition rule of probability states that the probability of the occurrence of either of two mutually exclusive events is the sum of their individual probabilities. In other words, if A and B are two events that cannot happen simultaneously, then the probability of either A or B occurring is given by: P(A or B)…