Huygen’s principle, named after the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens, is a fundamental principle in wave optics that explains how waves propagate through a medium. According to Huygen’s principle, each point on a wavefront can be considered as a source of secondary spherical waves. These secondary waves travel outwards from each point in all directions at…
Reflection is the process of thinking deeply about a particular situation, experience, or idea. It involves examining one’s own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and gaining insights about oneself and the situation at hand. Reflection can help people gain a better understanding of themselves, their experiences, and their perspectives. It can also help them make better…
Rectilinear propagation of light refers to the phenomenon where light travels in straight lines in a uniform medium such as air, water, or vacuum. This is a fundamental property of light and is a consequence of the wave nature of light. When light travels through a medium with a uniform refractive index, it experiences no…
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation. It includes all the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, which includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and…
Self-inductance and mutual inductance are two important concepts in the field of electromagnetism. Self-inductance refers to the property of a circuit element, such as a coil or solenoid, to generate an electromotive force (EMF) in itself when the current through it changes. The EMF produced is proportional to the rate of change of the current…
Inside a long straight solenoid, there is a uniform magnetic field that runs parallel to the axis of the solenoid. The magnetic field lines inside the solenoid are tightly packed, which makes the field nearly uniform throughout the solenoid’s length. The strength of the magnetic field inside the solenoid depends on the current passing through…
If a circular coil is oriented perpendicular to a magnetic field, then the induced current in the coil will be maximum when the coil is rotated along an axis that is parallel to the magnetic field. This is because the maximum change in magnetic flux, which is required to induce an electric current, occurs when…
Kirchhoff’s laws, also known as Kirchhoff’s circuit laws, are fundamental principles in electrical engineering and physics that describe the behavior of current and voltage in a closed circuit. There are two laws: Mathematically, KCL can be expressed as: Σ I = 0 where Σ I is the sum of all currents flowing into and out…
A series is a sequence of numbers, usually written as a sum of terms. Each term is obtained by applying a rule or formula to the previous term or terms in the series. There are different types of series, such as arithmetic series, geometric series, harmonic series, and more. The properties and behavior of a…
Ohm’s law is a fundamental law of electrical engineering and physics that describes the relationship between electric current, voltage, and resistance in a conductor. It states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. Mathematically,…
