Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity that a falling object can reach when the resistance of the medium through which it is falling (such as air or water) balances the force of gravity. At terminal velocity, the object stops accelerating and falls at a constant speed. The terminal velocity of an object depends on its…
In mechanics, the bulk modulus is a measure of the resistance of a material to compression. It is defined as the ratio of the change in pressure to the fractional change in volume, under conditions of constant temperature. Mathematically, the bulk modulus (K) can be expressed as: K = – V ΔP / ΔV where…
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is defined as the internal frictional force that opposes the motion of one layer of fluid relative to another layer. The most common unit of viscosity is the Pascal-second (Pa·s) in the SI system, but other units like centipoise (cP) and millipascal-second (mPa·s) are…
Pascal’s law, also known as Pascal’s principle, is a fundamental principle in fluid mechanics that states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted uniformly in all directions throughout the fluid, regardless of the shape or size of the container. In other words, if a pressure is applied to a fluid…
Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when a system or object is subjected to a periodic disturbance, such as a sound wave or a vibration, that has the same frequency as the natural frequency of the system or object. When this happens, the system or object responds with an increased amplitude of oscillation. For example,…
The dynamics of rigid bodies with a fixed axis of rotation can be described using rotational motion equations and principles. Firstly, it’s important to note that for a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis, all particles of the body rotate in circles or arcs about the axis, with the same angular velocity. The rotational…
In physics, an impulse is defined as the change in momentum of an object over a period of time. It is given by the product of force and the duration of the force applied. Mathematically, it is expressed as: Impulse = Force × Time The impulse is a vector quantity, and its direction is the…
Relative velocity refers to the velocity of an object with respect to another object. It is the difference between the velocity of the first object and the velocity of the second object, both measured with respect to the same frame of reference. For example, if a car is moving with a velocity of 60 km/h…
To understand the u-v method for a convex lens, we need to start with the lens formula, which relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of a lens. The formula is: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v where f is positive for a convex lens, u is the distance of the…
Methods of measurement refer to the techniques or tools used to quantify or assess a particular attribute or characteristic of an object, organism, or system. The following are some commonly used methods of measurement: What is Required General Methods of measurement The required general methods of measurement depend on the type of attribute or characteristic…
