The de Broglie wavelength is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that describes the wave-like nature of matter particles, such as electrons, protons, and atoms. It is named after Louis de Broglie, who proposed that all matter particles have a wave-like nature in addition to their particle-like nature. The de Broglie wavelength (λ) is given…
Moseley’s law, also known as Moseley’s law of X-ray spectra, is a scientific law that describes the relationship between the wavelength of an X-ray photon and the atomic number of the element producing the photon. The law was discovered by Henry Moseley, a British physicist, in 1913. Moseley’s law states that the square root of…
Continuous X-rays, also known as bremsstrahlung X-rays or simply “braking radiation,” are a type of X-ray radiation that is produced when a charged particle, such as an electron, is decelerated or slowed down by the electric field of an atomic nucleus or other charged particle. This process creates a broad spectrum of X-rays that range…
Modern physics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. Some of the characteristics of modern physics include: What is Required Modern Physics Characteristic Modern physics is a broad and complex field, but some of the key characteristics that are…
Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms is a model proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913 to explain the structure and behavior of atoms, particularly those with a single electron like hydrogen. The theory is based on the idea that electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus of an atom, and that each orbit has a…
The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon of the emission of electrons from a material when it is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light or ultraviolet light. This effect was first observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and was explained by Albert Einstein in 1905, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics…
Energy is a property of matter and radiation that can be converted into different forms but cannot be created or destroyed. It is commonly defined as the ability to do work, where work is the product of a force acting on an object and the displacement of that object in the direction of the force.…
Fission and fusion are two types of nuclear processes that involve the splitting and merging of atomic nuclei. Fission is a process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as uranium or plutonium, is split into two smaller nuclei. This process releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and…
Modern Physics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of phenomena that occur at the atomic and subatomic level. It includes the study of quantum mechanics, relativity, particle physics, and astrophysics. The calculations involved in modern physics are often complex and require a good understanding of mathematical concepts such as calculus, differential…
Binding energy refers to the energy required to break apart or dissociate a system of particles, such as atoms, molecules, or nuclei, into individual particles or components. It is the energy that holds the particles or components of a system together, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between the like-charged particles. In nuclear physics, binding energy refers…
