Standard electrode potential Standard electrode potential, also known as standard reduction potential, is a measure of the tendency of an electrode to gain or lose electrons compared to a standard reference electrode under standard conditions. It represents the voltage or potential difference between the electrode and the reference electrode. The standard reference electrode used is…
EMF EMF stands for Electromotive Force. It refers to the potential difference or voltage produced by a power source, such as a battery or generator, that drives electric current through a circuit. EMF is measured in volts and represents the energy per unit charge supplied by the source. Alternatively, EMF can also refer to Electromagnetic…
Laws of Electrolysis The Laws of Electrolysis are a set of principles formulated by Michael Faraday that describe the quantitative relationships between the amounts of substances involved in an electrolytic reaction. These laws are: These laws provide a basis for understanding and quantifying the electrolytic processes, such as the deposition of metals during electroplating or…
Electrolysis Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses an electric current to bring about a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves the decomposition of an electrolyte, which is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved or molten, into its constituent ions. During electrolysis, two electrodes are placed in the electrolyte solution or molten electrolyte. The electrode…
Kohlrausch’s Law Kohlrausch’s Law is a principle in electrochemistry that describes the relationship between the molar conductivity of an electrolyte and its concentration. The law is named after the German physicist Friedrich Kohlrausch, who formulated it in the late 19th century. According to Kohlrausch’s Law, the molar conductivity (Λ) of an electrolyte at a given…
Electrolytic solutions Electrolytic solutions are solutions that conduct electricity due to the presence of ions. In these solutions, an ionic compound dissolves in a solvent, such as water, and dissociates into positively and negatively charged ions. The movement of these ions allows for the flow of electric current. Key characteristics of electrolytic solutions include: Electrolytic…
Redox reaction A redox reaction, short for reduction-oxidation reaction, is a chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons between species. In a redox reaction, one substance undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) while another substance undergoes reduction (gains electrons). The key components of a redox reaction are: Redox reactions are commonly encountered in various…
Electrochemistry Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons between species. It focuses on the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions, particularly the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. In electrochemical reactions, oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously. These reactions take place in electrochemical…
Colligative Properties Colligative properties are the physical properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles present, rather than the nature of the solute itself. These properties arise due to the interactions between the solute particles and the solvent molecules. The four main colligative properties are: These colligative properties are widely used…
Solid Solutions The Chemistry syllabus for Solid Solutions in the AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences) advanced course covers the following topics: It is important to note that the specific content and depth of these topics may vary based on the curriculum and teaching approach of the AIIMS advanced course. Solid solutions refer to…
