Flux of electric field

The flux of an electric field is the measure of the number of electric field lines passing through a given surface. It is defined as the electric field strength multiplied by the area of the surface, multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the electric field and the normal to the surface. The mathematical…

Electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field

In a uniform electrostatic field, an electric dipole experiences a torque that tends to align the dipole moment vector with the direction of the field. The magnitude of the torque is given by the vector product of the dipole moment vector and the electric field vector. If the dipole moment vector is not aligned with…