Electric current refers to the flow of electric charge in a conductor or circuit. It is the rate at which electric charges, typically electrons, move through a material. The unit of electric current is the ampere (A), which is defined as the flow of one coulomb of charge per second. Electric current can be either…
The energy stored in a capacitor is given by the formula: E = (1/2) * C * V^2 where E is the energy stored in joules, C is the capacitance of the capacitor in farads, and V is the voltage across the capacitor in volts. This formula shows that the energy stored in a capacitor…
Capacitors are electronic components that store electrical charge and energy. They are commonly used in circuits to filter signals, block direct current, and stabilize voltage. When capacitors are connected in series, their total capacitance decreases, and their total voltage rating increases. This is because the charge on each capacitor is the same, and the voltage…
Dielectrics are materials that do not conduct electricity, but can store electric charges. They are used in various applications, such as capacitors, insulation, and in electronic devices to prevent short-circuits. Dielectrics are also known as insulators and have high resistivity to the flow of electric current. Without dielectrics, electrical systems would not be able to…
The simplest model of a capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates each with an area of separated by a uniform gap of thickness filled with a dielectric with permittivity . It is assumed the gap is much smaller than the dimensions of the plates. This model applies well to many practical capacitors which are constructed of metal sheets…
Capacitance is a measure of a capacitor’s ability to store electric charge. A capacitor is an electronic component that consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material, such as air or a non-conductive plastic. When a voltage is applied across the plates, electrons from one plate accumulate on the other, creating an electric…
A uniformly charged thin spherical shell refers to a hollow spherical shell with a uniform charge density. The charge density is the amount of charge per unit volume of the shell. This type of system is often studied in electrostatics and can be analyzed using Gauss’s law, which relates the electric flux through a closed…
An infinite plane sheet with a uniform charge density is a theoretical construct used in electrostatics to study the behavior of charges in electric fields. When a plane sheet has a uniform charge density, it means that the amount of charge per unit area is constant across the entire sheet. This allows for a simplified…
The magnetic field due to an infinitely long straight wire can be calculated using Ampere’s law, which states that the magnetic field around a closed loop is proportional to the current passing through the loop. The formula for the magnetic field due to an infinitely long straight wire is: B = (μ0I)/(2π*r) where B is…
Electricity and magnetism are two closely related phenomena that are fundamental to our understanding of the physical world. They are both aspects of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Electricity refers to the flow of electric charge, usually in the form of electrons. It is a fundamental force…
