Significant figures, also known as significant digits, are the digits in a number that are considered to be meaningful and relevant. They are used to indicate the precision of a measurement or calculation, and they help to ensure that results are reported with the appropriate level of accuracy. The number of significant figures in a…
Carboxyl refers to a functional group that consists of a carbon atom that is double-bonded to an oxygen atom, which is also bonded to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. This functional group is commonly found in organic compounds such as carboxylic acids, which are characterized by their acidic properties due to the presence of the carboxyl…
Hydroxyl groups are functional groups that contain an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH) and are commonly found in organic molecules. There are two types of hydroxyl groups: alcoholic and phenolic. An alcoholic hydroxyl group is bonded to a saturated carbon atom (sp3 hybridized) and is usually represented as -OH. Examples of molecules…
What is Chemistry in Everyday Life Artificial sweeteners (names only) Chemistry plays a significant role in our everyday lives, including in the production and use of artificial sweeteners. Here are some examples of artificial sweeteners and their chemical composition: All of these artificial sweeteners have specific chemical structures that make them much sweeter than sugar,…
Therapeutic action refers to the positive effects that a treatment or therapy has on a patient’s mental or physical health. It can include various outcomes such as symptom reduction, improved functioning, increased quality of life, and overall wellbeing. Therapeutic action can be achieved through various means such as psychotherapy, medication, exercise, diet changes, and other…
Drug-target interaction refers to the relationship between a drug and its target molecule in the body, such as a receptor or enzyme. A drug must bind to its target in order to produce a therapeutic effect, and the strength and specificity of this interaction can determine the drug’s efficacy and safety. When a drug binds…
Biodegradable polymers are types of plastic materials that can be broken down by microorganisms into natural substances such as water, carbon dioxide, and compost. Unlike traditional plastics that can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, biodegradable polymers are designed to degrade relatively quickly, often within a few months to a few years. There…
PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride, which is a synthetic plastic polymer made from the monomer vinyl chloride. It is a commonly used material in various applications such as construction, piping, electrical insulation, clothing, and medical devices. PVC is known for its durability, flexibility, and resistance to moisture and chemicals. However, PVC also has some drawbacks.…
Nylon is a synthetic polymer, or plastic, that was first developed by DuPont in the 1930s. It is made from a combination of chemicals, primarily derived from coal and petroleum, and is used in a wide variety of applications due to its strength, durability, and resistance to abrasion and chemicals. Nylon is commonly used in…
Peptide linkage, also known as amide linkage, is the covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group (–COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group (–NH2) of another amino acid during protein synthesis. The bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction, which involves the removal of a water molecule. The resulting bond between…
