Laws of Electrolysis The Laws of Electrolysis are a set of principles formulated by Michael Faraday that describe the quantitative relationships between the amounts of substances involved in an electrolytic reaction. These laws are: These laws provide a basis for understanding and quantifying the electrolytic processes, such as the deposition of metals during electroplating or…
Electrolysis Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses an electric current to bring about a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves the decomposition of an electrolyte, which is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved or molten, into its constituent ions. During electrolysis, two electrodes are placed in the electrolyte solution or molten electrolyte. The electrode…
Kohlrausch’s Law Kohlrausch’s Law is a principle in electrochemistry that describes the relationship between the molar conductivity of an electrolyte and its concentration. The law is named after the German physicist Friedrich Kohlrausch, who formulated it in the late 19th century. According to Kohlrausch’s Law, the molar conductivity (Λ) of an electrolyte at a given…
Electrolytic solutions Electrolytic solutions are solutions that conduct electricity due to the presence of ions. In these solutions, an ionic compound dissolves in a solvent, such as water, and dissociates into positively and negatively charged ions. The movement of these ions allows for the flow of electric current. Key characteristics of electrolytic solutions include: Electrolytic…
Redox reaction A redox reaction, short for reduction-oxidation reaction, is a chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons between species. In a redox reaction, one substance undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) while another substance undergoes reduction (gains electrons). The key components of a redox reaction are: Redox reactions are commonly encountered in various…
Electrochemistry Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons between species. It focuses on the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions, particularly the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. In electrochemical reactions, oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously. These reactions take place in electrochemical…
Colligative Properties Colligative properties are the physical properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles present, rather than the nature of the solute itself. These properties arise due to the interactions between the solute particles and the solvent molecules. The four main colligative properties are: These colligative properties are widely used…
The solubility of the gas in liquids The solubility of a gas in a liquid refers to the ability of the gas to dissolve in the liquid. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the gas and liquid involved. When the pressure of the gas above the liquid increases,…
Types of solutions There are several types of solutions based on their composition and properties. Here are some common types of solutions: These are some of the main types of solutions encountered in chemistry. The classification of solutions is based on factors such as uniformity of composition, concentration of solute, and distribution of solute particles…
Crystalline Solids Crystalline solids are a type of solid material characterized by a regular and repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules. They have a highly ordered structure with well-defined geometric shapes and sharp boundaries between their constituent particles. Properties of Crystalline Solids: Examples of Crystalline Solids: Understanding the structure, properties, and behavior of…
