In physics, the second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle that governs the behavior of energy and entropy in a closed system. It states that the total entropy of a closed system always increases over time, or remains constant in an ideal reversible process. Entropy is a measure of the degree of disorder or…
Ideal gases have several applications in various fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, and even meteorology. Here are some of the applications of ideal gases: These are some of the applications of ideal gases, which have a wide range of uses in various fields. What is Required Its applications (only for Ideal gases) Here are…
The bulk modulus of a gas is a measure of the gas’s resistance to compression. It is defined as the ratio of the change in pressure to the fractional change in volume, under conditions of constant temperature. For an ideal gas, the bulk modulus can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which relates the…
In thermal physics, an isothermal process is a thermodynamic process during which the temperature of a system remains constant. This means that the internal energy of the system remains constant as well. In an isothermal process, any energy transferred to or from the system is in the form of work or heat. The work done…
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin) without any change in phase. There are two types of specific heat: The specific heat depends on the nature of the substance and its physical state (solid, liquid, or…
Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: dQ/dt = -kA(T – Ts) where: This law is applicable when the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings is not…
The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a sound wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the sound. This effect is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who first described the phenomenon in 1842. When a sound source is moving towards an observer,…
Vibration of strings is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a string, such as that of a musical instrument, is plucked or struck. When a string is plucked, it vibrates back and forth, causing sound waves to be produced. The frequency and amplitude of the vibration determine the pitch and volume of the sound produced.…
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion. It has many applications in our daily lives and in various fields of engineering. Here are some examples of the applications of mechanics: Overall, mechanics is a fundamental concept in many fields of science and…
Bernoulli’s theorem, named after the Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, is a fundamental principle of fluid dynamics that describes the relationship between the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid in motion. It states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases, and vice versa. In mathematical terms, Bernoulli’s theorem…
