Streamline flow is a type of fluid flow where the velocity of the fluid is constant along each streamline. Streamlines are imaginary lines that represent the direction of the fluid flow at each point in space. In streamline flow, the fluid particles move in a smooth, organized manner, without any turbulence or mixing. Streamline flow…
Stoke’s law is a scientific principle that describes the behavior of small particles that are suspended in a fluid medium. The law states that the force of viscous drag on a spherical particle in a fluid is directly proportional to the velocity of the particle and the viscosity of the fluid and inversely proportional to…
The modulus of rigidity, also known as shear modulus, is a material property that describes its resistance to shearing deformations. It is defined as the ratio of the shearing stress to the shearing strain within the proportional limit of the material. The modulus of rigidity is denoted by the symbol G and is measured in…
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is defined as the internal frictional force that opposes the motion of one layer of fluid relative to another layer. The most common unit of viscosity is the Pascal-second (Pa·s) in the SI system, but other units like centipoise (cP) and millipascal-second (mPa·s) are…
Bubbles: Bubbles are pockets of gas enclosed by a thin layer of liquid. They can form in a liquid due to a variety of reasons, such as agitation, heating, or the release of dissolved gases. Bubbles are important in many industrial processes and are also a fascinating subject of study in fields such as chemistry,…
The angle of contact, also known as the contact angle, is the angle formed by a liquid at the interface between two immiscible phases, such as a liquid and a solid or a liquid and a gas. It is the angle between the tangent to the liquid surface and the solid or gas surface at…
Buoyancy is a physical principle that describes the upward force exerted by a fluid (such as water or air) on an object that is partially or fully immersed in it. This force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid and is known as the buoyant force. According to Archimedes’ principle, an object will…
A geostationary orbit is a circular orbit around the Earth, with an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (22,236 miles), in which a satellite appears to remain stationary with respect to a fixed point on the Earth’s surface. This means that the satellite moves at the same rate as the Earth’s rotation, completing one orbit in…
Kepler’s laws describe the motion of planets around the Sun. They were formulated by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, based on extensive observations made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe. Kepler’s three laws are: Kepler’s laws were crucial in establishing the heliocentric model of the Solar System, in which the…
Gravitational potential is a concept in physics that describes the amount of work that must be done to move an object from one point in a gravitational field to another point. It is usually denoted by the symbol “V” and measured in units of joules per kilogram (J/kg) or meters squared per second squared (m^2/s^2).…
