Optics Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of light and its behavior. It focuses on understanding how light interacts with various objects and materials. Optics can be divided into two main branches: Optics has wide-ranging applications in various fields, including astronomy, photography, medicine (such as in ophthalmology and microscopy), telecommunications…
Displacement current Displacement current is a concept in electromagnetism that was introduced by James Clerk Maxwell in his equations describing the behavior of electric and magnetic fields. It is a term used to explain the relationship between changing electric fields and magnetic fields. Displacement current arises when there is a time-varying electric field in a…
Transformer A transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two or more coils of wire, called the primary and secondary windings, that are wound around a common core. Key points about transformers: It’s important to note that transformers are a broad…
AC Generator An AC generator, also known as an alternator, is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC). It is commonly used in power plants and electric generators. Key components and working principle of an AC generator: AC generators play a crucial role in providing electrical…
Power in AC circuits Power in AC (alternating current) circuits is a key concept that relates to the flow of electrical energy. In AC circuits, the voltage and current alternate periodically, resulting in a sinusoidal waveform. The instantaneous power in an AC circuit can be calculated using the following formula: Instantaneous power (P) = Voltage…
Mutual Inductance Mutual inductance is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more coils of wire are placed close to each other. It describes the ability of one coil to induce an electromotive force (emf) in another coil through the changing magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the first coil. The mutual inductance,…
Lenz Law Lenz’s Law is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism that describes the direction of an induced current in a conductor when it is exposed to a changing magnetic field. It states that the induced current in a conductor will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it. When…
Electromagnetic induction and Alternation of currents Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents are important topics in physics. Here’s a concise overview of these subjects: Electromagnetic Induction: Alternating Currents: This brief overview covers the key concepts and ideas related to Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents. The AIIMS Physics syllabus for the advanced course includes the topics of…
Electromagnetic Electromagnetic refers to the interaction between electric and magnetic fields. It encompasses the study of electromagnetic waves, which include visible light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Electromagnetic phenomena are described by Maxwell’s equations, which are a set of mathematical equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic…
Ferromagnetic devices Ferromagnetic devices are electronic or electromechanical devices that utilize the properties of ferromagnetic materials for various applications. These devices rely on the ability of ferromagnetic materials to exhibit a strong magnetic response when subjected to an external magnetic field. Here are some common examples of ferromagnetic devices: These are just a few examples…
